Posts Tagged ‘1989 online’

Internships in History

Friday, September 18th, 2009

This semester I’m fortunate to have the opportunity — two opportunities really — to supervise an undergraduate and a graduate student working on two very different internships. The typical history internship is one where the student works at a client site off campus and the supervising professor simply makes sure something that has academic merit is happening (more than learning to run the copier at a local museum, for example). In my case, however, I am the client for both of these internships. Being in that role has gotten me thinking more about how we might integrate the internship experience more explicitly into our curricula.

First, though, I want to brag on my students a little. Here at George Mason we are a combined department of history and art history and the undergraduate internship I am supervising is for art history credit. As part of the Freedom Without Walls program we are staging here this fall to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall, my student is putting together a photographic exhibition using images from the Library of Congress’s Look magazine collection. These images, taken by the photographer Paul Fusco in 1961, offer her a fantastic, yet limited, collection of material to work with — perfect for a one semester project.

Berlin Wall 1961

Even though we are only in the first weeks of the semester, my student has had to learn a lot about working in the LOC, about copyright and fair use, about photo duplication, and other things we might call the technical skills of the historian (or art historian in her case). But the much more valuable lessons she is learning, it seems to me, have to do with the central issues governing what she is doing — What is the narrative of the show she wants to mount? How will the creative decisions she makes — selection of images, framing of the work, arranging them in space, the text she provides visitors — effect the reception and perception of the work itself? I won’t do any of that thinking for her and she is obviously enjoying having to make all these choices, even as she has admitted that doing so is pretty hard.

The other intern is one of our MA students who is interested in a career in archival work. The project she has undertaken for me is to weed through the archival remnants of the records of the Civic Education Project, an international educational NGO I helped run for many years. When CEP closed down, it fell to me to (shudder) have the files of the organization shredded. I saved about 10 boxes of material I deemed worth keeping as a small archive and she is now learning all about meta data, proper storage, writing finding aids, etc. Once she is done, the collection will find a home in our Special Collections division of the University Library. As with my undergraduate student the hands on experience she is having has introduced her to a whole new level of complexity when it comes to thinking about archives and how they are structured.

I have to admit that while supervising these internships is fairly labor intensive, it’s also a lot of fun. Maybe it’s because I’m deaning at the moment and so miss the level of student contact that I’ve grown accustomed to, but I also think that all three of us are really enjoying the learning experiences in ways that transcend what happens in the typical classroom.

So what to do? I won’t have any more internships to offer Mason students after this semester. But I once I leave the dean’s office and come back from a well-earned study leave, I want to see what I can do to make internships a much more intrinsic part of what we do in our department, especially at the undergraduate level. We are blessed with literally hundreds of internship possibilities here in the D.C. area, so finding sites for the students won’t be a problem. Figuring out how to make interning an intrinsic part of the major will be the issue.

I raised this question in a series of posts on the undergraduate curriculum two years ago, but at the time was speaking from an “outsider’s” perspective in that I’d never been this deeply involved in internship work. Now that I’m having these experiences (my own internship as it were), I’m hoping my views on the subject will be much better informed.

Why Wolfram Alpha Won’t Work for Historians

Tuesday, May 26th, 2009

In our most recent episode of Digital Campus one of the news items I had a particularly caustic view of was the new search engine Wolfram Alpha. My broader pronouncement in the podcast that WA will “sink like a stone” is predicated on the incredibly clunkiness of the interface and the fact that when the engine doesn’t understand your question or simply has no data to work with, it offers no help…just the statement “Wolfram Alpha isn’t sure what to do with your input.” This alone will send users running back to Google or Yahoo.

But I am sympathetic to the attempt to bring more computational strategies to bear on the search and retrieval of information online. As databases of historical information get larger and larger we are going to need tools like WA (I can’t keep writing Wolfram Alpha) to help us crunch through those databases. So, for instance, I recently wrote something for our 1989 website on the economic causes of the collapse of the communist regimes in Eastern Europe and needed some good old fashioned economic data to work with.

Here’s one reason WA won’t work for historians: Taking the data presented in the source I just linked to, one finds that a 1992 edition of World Bank Facts gives Hungary’s GDP per capita in 1989 as $2,580 (USD). To see what WA comes up with for the same question, I used the query “Hungary gdp per capita in 1989“. When you try this search, the result is a problem. WA offers a different result ($3,097) and a nice graph of Hungary’s GDP per capita between 1970 and the present.

How then can a historian (or student) reconcile the difference between the World Bank’s number and WA’s number? The obvious solution, and the one we teach all of our students, is to check WA’s sources. Here’s what I found–a list of around 30 sources (you’ll have to go to the site and click on Source Information to see them all) with the following disclaimer: “This list is intended as a guide to further sources. The inclusion of an item in this list does not necessarily mean that its content was necessarily used for any Wolfram Alpha result.”

Would you accept a paper from a student with no footnotes but a disclaimer like this one at the top of the bibliography page? No, I didn’t think so. Unfortunately, if my students actually knew that WA existed and I asked them to tell me Hungary’s GDP per capita in 1989, I’m willing to bet the answer I’d get is $3,097 not $2,580. And don’t ven think of asking WA for the GDP per capita or East Germany in 1989. Apparently East Germany never existed and even worse, the GDP per capita result for Germany offers no reference/mention of the fact that East and West Germany merged after 1989.

So, I now have to add WA to my list of websites and web tools to teach my students about in the “these resources have serious problems for historians” category.

What a Way to Launch a Website

Wednesday, April 1st, 2009

For the past three years now my colleagues and I have been hard at work on the website Making the History of 1989. We are very proud of the site and have been gratified to see traffic grow each month. Our hope is that by the end of this 20th anniversary of the events of 1989 in Eastern Europe the site will be the main resource for those interested in looking back at what happened there 20 years ago.

We began promoting the project to various audiences in August of last year and by the end of 2008 the site was averaging just over 2,700 unique visitors each month. Last month we had slightly more than 6,000 unique visitors. A Google search on “1989″ lists the site as the last choice on the first page and one on “1989 eastern europe” lists us third after only Wikipedia (naturally) and a State Department page with a brief description of the events of 1989 in the region. Not bad for a site that just launched officially eight months ago.

One reason our traffic has continued to grow steadily this spring is that we took full advantage of a conference here at George Mason called “1989: Looking Back, Looking Forward” featuring Mikhail Gorbachev as the keynote speaker. The more than 2,400 people who attended the two day event received promotional materials about the website and we saw a significant bump in traffic as a result. Our hope is that those who found us as a result of the conference publicity will continue to use the site in the months and years to come.

Over the coming months we’ll incorporate video from the conference (Gorbachev’s two appearances were recorded by our campus television station) and will link these speeches to the more than 110 different pages in the database dealing with Gorbachev and his career in one way or another.

Although the conference was a tremendous amount of work, it was one heck of a way to help launch a website.

Imperial Legacies in the Present

Wednesday, December 17th, 2008

The excellent blog Strange Maps has just offered up a very interesting example of the last legacies of the recent past — meaning the past hundred years or so. This map, which superimposes the borders of Imperial Germany and Russia on a map of electoral data from the 2007 parliamentary elections in Poland.

Even a casual analysis of this image indicates the degree to which there seems to be some sort of echo of the imperial past in the electoral present in Poland. What this map doesn’t show us, of course, is whether this congruence of data and boundaries is a one time anomoly or a pattern that has emerged since the collapse of the Communist regime in Poland in 1989. Nevertheless, does raise all sorts of questions in my mind.

For my first book I spent a lot of time analyzing electoral returns in the Czech regions of the old Habsburg state and so I have lots of this sort of data stored on my computer. The Czech electoral commission has produced a number of excellent data sets on voting in the Czech Republic since 1993 and so, if I have the time over the holiday break, I may just try a comparison of voting then (i.e., 1907 and 1911) and now.

Running a comparison like that is fraught with problems — electoral districts are different, parties are different, the historical context is different. If we attempt to say something conclusive about the comparison, then we’re risking committing ecological fallacies that more than likely will skew the results of any analysis. But it is quite possible to use such surface comparisons to start asking the kinds of questions historians are actually quite good at asking about these data.

Prior to the digital age it would be possible to make two maps of electoral results and lay one on top of the other to see what comparisons might appear. Digital technology doesn’t offer new insights unavailable to us before, but it certainly does make it much easier to get to the point where insights can begin to bubble up.